References for Vaginal Rejuvenation Articles

1. In the general publications and medical literature, vaginal rejuvenation has generally referred to a procedure employing the colpoperineoplasty (repair of a ruptured vagina and perineum) with or without paravaginal repair (repair of a ruptured vagina and perineum) to treat a sensation of wide vagina. Pardo DS, Solda VD, Ricci PA, et al (2006) Colpoperineoplasty in women with a sensation of a wide vagina. Acta Obstet Gynecol 85:1125-1127.
   In other words, vaginal rejuvenation is the modification of a traditional gyn procedure, but unlike traditional gynecologists, we openly address the impact of pelvic relaxation on sexual function. When traditional gyn procedures are performed to address sexual function, it is considered a cosmetic and/or an elective procedure. In 2007, the American Congress of ObGyns (ACOG) cautioned patients against cosmetic vaginal procedures due to lack of safety and efficacy data. That is, there have been no double-blind, randomized crossover studies to quantify the benefits of vaginal rejuvenation. (ACOG Committee Opinion Number 378 (September 2007) “Vaginal rejuvenation” and cosmetic vaginal procedures. The American College Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, D.C.
2. Medical literature citation for an enlarged vagina causes reduced sexual function. Alzate H, Londono ML (1984) Vaginal erotic sensitivity. J Sex Marital 10:49-56. Note: The vaginal introitus diameter itself can become abnormally wide and may or may not cause reduced sexual function. Medical literature states this is individualized - not every woman has the same experience.
3. Vaginal tightening” procedures as they are called by the public include procedures to treat pelvic relaxation and re-support the vaginal walls and the structures they support including the bladder and the rectum. There is no “vaginal tightening” as a specific medical procedure but the procedures referred to include the anterior and/or posterior colporrhaphy (traditional gyn procedures) and the 7 new vaginal rejuvenation procedures published by Ostrzenski.